Valencia, 15/04/2015, G.B.
Continuando con el English tense system, podemos afirmar que en inglés existen 3 tipos de verbos (types of verbs):
1.- Auxiliary verbs
2.- Modal auxiliary verbs
3.- Full verbs
1.- Auxiliary verbs
Los verbos do, be y have se usan como verbos auxiliares para formar diferentes tiempos verbales (tenses).
1.1 Do
– Do es un verbo auxiliar que se usa para formar las formas negativas e interrogativas (negative and question forms) del Present Simple. La forma de este verbo auxiliar en pasado es Did y se utiliza en el Past Simple.
Some examples:
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
Negative | I don’t want to go there. | She didn’t go out yesterday, sorry. |
| He doesn’t eat meat. He’s vegetarian. | Hopefully I didn’t break my arm. |
Question | Do you like cheese? | Did they know it, John? |
| Does she play the piano? | Didn’t you play the violin, the guitar and other instruments? |
– Do solo se usa en la forma afirmativa (affirmative sentences) para enfatizar la acción de un verbo:
Some examples:
Present Simple | Past Simple |
I’m not lazy. I do study hard.
| I did try to contact you last Friday, but you were unavailable, as they told me. | |
– Do también se utiliza en las denominadas tag questions (preguntas coletillas) y las short answers (respuestas cortas). Some examples:
Present Simple | Past Simple |
You think it’ll be enough, don’t you?
| Who took my car last night? Susan did. |
1.2. Be
– Be como auxiliar + present participle (-ing), se utiliza para formar tiempos continuos (continuous tenses). Some examples:
Raymond is recording an album.
I’ll be leaving soon, sorry.
It’s rainning, take an umbrella.
–
Be + past participle (-ed, etc.) se utiliza para formar las oraciones pasivas (
passive sentences).
Some examples:
English is spoken all over the world.
My house is being renovated, so I’ll stay at the hotel.
1.3. Have
– Have como auxiliar + past participle (-ed, etc.) se utiliza para formar tiempos perfectos (perfect tenses). Some examples:
I’ve never been to India.
She have lived in India for 20 years.
Will you have finished by next monday?
2.- Modal auxiliary verbs
Los verbos modales auxiliares (modal auxiliary verbs) son auxiliares porque ‘ayudan’ a otros verbos, pero a diferencia de do, be y have, tienen su propio significado. Pueden expresar certeza (certainty), habilidad (ability), posibilidad (possibility), consejo (advice), etc.
Los modal auxiliary verbs son: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought, need. Los iremos viendo poco a poco… Some examples:
She can’t play the drums. (ability)
He must beat least forty. (certainty)
It might snow this evening. (possibility)
You should eat less. (advice)3.- Full verbs
Todos los demás verbos, que son la gran mayoría en el idioma, se denominan full verbs o verbos ‘normales’. Algunos ejemplos: go, drink, dance, study, help, sing, read…